Lexical Summary tsachaq: To laugh, to mock, to play, to jest Original Word: צְחַק Strong's Exhaustive Concordance laugh, mock, play, make sport A primitive root; to laugh outright (in merriment or scorn); by implication, to sport -- laugh, mock, play, make sport. NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origina prim. root Definition to laugh NASB Translation caressing (1), entertained* (1), jesting (1), laugh (4), laughed (2), make sport (2), mocking (1), play (1). Brown-Driver-Briggs [צָחַק] verb laugh (Arabic ![]() ![]() Qal Perfect3feminine singular צָֽחֲקָה Genesis 18:13, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יִצֲחַקֿ Genesis 21:6, וַיִּצְחָ֑ק Genesis 17:17; 3feminine singular וַתִּצְחַק Genesis 18:12; — laugh, Genesis 18:12,13,15 (twice in verse) (J), Genesis 17:17 (P); with ל at, concerning, Genesis 21:6. Pi`el Imperfect וַיְצַחֵק Judges 16:25; Infinitive construct לְצַחֵק Exodus 32:6, לְצַ֫חֶק בָּנוּ (בִּיׅ Genesis 39:14,17; Participle מְצַחֵק Genesis 19:14; Genesis 26:8, מְצַחֶ֑ק Genesis 21:9; — 1 jest Genesis 19:14 (J). 2 sport, play Genesis 21:9 (E) Exodus 32:6 (J); make sport for Judges 16:25 (לִפְנֵי; "" וִישַׂחֶקלָֿ֑נוּ); toy with (אֶת), of conjugal caresses Genesis 26:8 (compare DoughtyArab. Des. i. 231), make a toy of, with ב, Genesis 39:14,17 (all J). Topical Lexicon Root Idea and Emotive Spectrum צְחַק ranges from wholesome delight to cynical mockery. Scripture presents it in four primary shades: (1) incredulous laughter at God’s promise, (2) joyful amazement when the promise arrives, (3) sensual or frivolous “playing,” and (4) malicious sport made at another’s expense. The same sound of laughter can therefore signal faith or unbelief, purity or impurity. Genesis Occurrences: Covenant Laughter and Derision Abraham “fell facedown and laughed” when first told Sarah would bear a son in her old age (Genesis 17:17). Sarah echoed the laugh behind the tent flap: “So Sarah laughed to herself” (Genesis 18:12). The Lord exposed the hidden heart, “Why did Sarah laugh…? Is anything too difficult for the LORD?” (Genesis 18:13-14). These early uses reveal doubt mingled with dawning hope. When Isaac is born, Sarah proclaims, “God has made me laugh, and everyone who hears of this will laugh with me” (Genesis 21:6). The name Isaac memorializes redeemed laughter, binding the patriarchal promise to a sound of joy that will ripple through covenant history. A darker tone returns when “Sarah saw that the son whom Hagar the Egyptian had borne to Abraham was mocking” (Genesis 21:9). Ishmael’s scornful laughter confirms the flesh’s enmity toward promise and helps explain Paul’s later allegory in Galatians 4:29. Domestic Intimacy and Public Misreading: Genesis 26:8 When Abimelech spies Isaac “caressing” Rebekah (BSB: “Isaac was caressing his wife Rebekah”), the same root captures marital tenderness. What is pure within marriage is misread in the palace courts, demonstrating how context distinguishes innocent play from illicit conduct. False Accusation and Personal Integrity: Genesis 39:14, 17 Potiphar’s wife twists צְחַק into a weapon: “Look, he has brought us a Hebrew to mock us” (Genesis 39:14). Her repeated charge (“This Hebrew slave came to me to make sport of me,” verse 17) portrays righteous Joseph as a lecherous jester. The episode warns that godliness may still be slandered as moral play-acting. Corporate Rejoicing or Carnal Revelry? Exodus 32:6 “Afterward they sat down to eat and drink and got up to revel” (Exodus 32:6). The golden-calf scene shows collective laughter unhitched from covenant obedience. When worship loses its object, celebration devolves into idolatrous sport—an enduring caution for congregational life. Cruel Entertainment: Judges 16:25 Philistines summon blind Samson “to entertain them,” reveling in the humiliation of the LORD’s judge. צְחַק here depicts enemies exalting themselves over God’s servant, yet the jest ends with their ruin, illustrating divine reversal. Theology of Laughter 1. God hears every laugh, discerning between unbelief and faith. Pastoral and Homiletical Reflections • Encourage believers to bring incredulity to God; He can turn it into praise. Christological and Eschatological Horizon The Child of promise named “He Laughs” foreshadows the greater Son through whom all nations will one day shout for joy. At Calvary the crowds “sneered,” but resurrection converts scorn to glad tidings. The consummation anticipates “the ransomed of the LORD… everlasting joy will crown their heads” (Isaiah 35:10). In that day צְחַק will know only one register—holy, unending delight in the faithfulness of God. Forms and Transliterations וַיְצַחֵק֙ וַיִּצְחָ֑ק וַתִּצְחַ֥ק ויצחק ותצחק יִֽצְחַק־ יצחק־ כִמְצַחֵ֖ק כמצחק לְצַ֣חֶק לְצַ֥חֶק לְצַחֵֽק׃ לצחק לצחק׃ מְצַחֵ֔ק מְצַחֵֽק׃ מצחק מצחק׃ צָחֲקָ֨ה צָחַ֖קְתִּי צָחָֽקְתְּ׃ צחקה צחקת׃ צחקתי chimtzaChek ḵim·ṣa·ḥêq ḵimṣaḥêq lə·ṣa·ḥeq lə·ṣa·ḥêq ləṣaḥeq ləṣaḥêq leTzachek mə·ṣa·ḥêq məṣaḥêq metzaChek ṣā·ḥă·qāh ṣā·ḥā·qət ṣā·ḥaq·tî ṣāḥăqāh ṣāḥāqət ṣāḥaqtî tzachaKah tzaChaket tzaChakti vaiyitzChak vattitzChak vaytzaChek wat·tiṣ·ḥaq wattiṣḥaq way·ṣa·ḥêq way·yiṣ·ḥāq wayṣaḥêq wayyiṣḥāq yiṣ·ḥaq- yiṣḥaq- yitzchakLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Genesis 17:17 HEB: עַל־ פָּנָ֖יו וַיִּצְחָ֑ק וַיֹּ֣אמֶר בְּלִבּ֗וֹ NAS: on his face and laughed, and said KJV: upon his face, and laughed, and said INT: on his face and laughed and said his heart Genesis 18:12 Genesis 18:13 Genesis 18:15 Genesis 18:15 Genesis 19:14 Genesis 21:6 Genesis 21:9 Genesis 26:8 Genesis 39:14 Genesis 39:17 Exodus 32:6 Judges 16:25 13 Occurrences |