1779. din
Lexical Summary
din: cause, judgment, rights

Original Word: דִּין
Part of Speech: Noun Masculine
Transliteration: diyn
Pronunciation: deen
Phonetic Spelling: (doon)
KJV: cause, judgement, plea, strife
NASB: cause, judgment, rights, justice, case, lawsuit or another, strife
Word Origin: [from H1777 (דִּין דּוּן - judge)]

1. judgement (the suit, justice, sentence or tribunal)
2. (by implication) also strife

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance
cause, judgment, plea, strife

From diyn; judgement (the suit, justice, sentence or tribunal); by impl. Also strife -- cause, judgement, plea, strife.

see HEBREW diyn

NAS Exhaustive Concordance
Word Origin
from din
Definition
judgment
NASB Translation
case (1), cause (6), judgment (4), justice (3), lawsuit or another (1), rights (4), strife (1).

Brown-Driver-Briggs
[דּוּן] noun [masculine] dubious; Qr Job 9:29 שַׁדּיּ֯ן; see דִּין n.

דִּין noun [masculine] judgmentDeuteronomy 17:8 16t.; suffix דִּינִי Psalm 9:5, דִּינֵךְ Jeremiah 30:13; —

1 כסא דין throne of judgment Proverbs 20:8; משׁמים השׁמעת דין from heaven thou didst cause judgment to be heard Psalm 76:9.

2 cause, plea, בין דין לדין between plea and plea Deuteronomy 17:8; דין דין plead a cause Jeremiah 5:28; Jeremiah 22:16; Jeremiah 30:13; עשׂה דין maintain, the cause Psalm 9:5; Psalm 140:13; ידע דין consider the cause Proverbs 29:7; דין לפניו the cause is before him Job 35:14; שׁנה דין change the cause Proverbs 31:5; לְהַטּוֺת מִדִּין דַּלִּים Isaiah 10:2; דין יתום Jeremiah 5:28; דין כל בני חֲלוֺף Proverbs 31:8.

3 judgment, condemnation, דין רשׁע judgment of the wicked Job 36:17; דין ומשׁפט judgment and justice Job 36:17.

4 strife, דין וקלון Proverbs 22:10 (legal strife, law-suit Str).

5 government, דת ודין law and government Esther 1:13.

Note.לְמַעַן תֵּדְעוּן שַׁדּיּ֯ן Job 19:29 is variously explained. (1) AV RV that ye may know there is a judgment follow Aq Symm Theod, so De Da, in interpreting שׁ relative + דִּין judgment, but שׁ is unknown to the dialect of Job and דִּין is used only in Elihu section. (2) ᵐ5 reads ὕλη, or ἴσχυς (i.e. שַׁדַּי (compare Job 29:5 ᵐ5) ? or שֹׁד?), & Qr שַׁדּוּן, indicating ancient uncertainty and a corrupt text. (3) Ew Di read שַׁדַּי the Almighty, which accords with usage of Job. (4) Siegf כִּי שֻׁדָּ֑דוּ (doubtfully).

Topical Lexicon
Entry: דִּין (Strong’s 1779)

Root Concept and Theological Frame

דִּין expresses judicial procedure, legal rights, and verdicts. Scripture employs the noun to affirm that every human dispute ultimately falls under the righteous scrutiny of Yahweh, the Judge of all the earth.

Distribution across Scripture

Twenty occurrences span Torah (Deuteronomy 17:8), the Persian period (Esther 1:13), Wisdom and Poetry (Job, Psalms, Proverbs), and the Prophets (Isaiah, Jeremiah). The breadth testifies that just judgment is not peripheral but embedded in Israel’s worship, governance, and prophetic hope.

Covenantal Justice in the Torah (Deuteronomy 17:8)

Moses mandates that “if a matter is too difficult for you to judge… visit the Levitical priests” so that “they will declare the verdict”. The verse roots justice in covenant obedience: corrupt judgment threatens covenant blessing; faithful judgment preserves communal holiness.

Wisdom Literature: Integrity and Social Ethics

Job’s laments hinge on דִּין. He warns, “Be afraid of the sword… that you may know there is a judgment” (Job 19:29). Job 36:17 exposes hearts that “are filled with the judgment due the wicked,” revealing that appetite for injustice invites the penalty of injustice.

Proverbs applies דִּין to daily leadership:
• “A king who sits on a throne of justice scatters all evil with his eyes” (Proverbs 20:8).
• “The righteous man cares about the rights of the poor” (Proverbs 29:7).
• Kings must not drink “lest they forget what is decreed and deprive all the oppressed of justice” (Proverbs 31:5).

Wisdom thus binds personal morality to public policy and protects the defenseless.

Psalms: Worship and Vindication

Psalm 9:4—“You have upheld my just cause; You sit on Your throne judging righteously.” The singer’s confidence in God’s courtroom fuels praise.

Psalm 76:8 links heavenly verdict to cosmic awe: “From heaven You pronounced judgment, and the earth feared and was still.”

Psalm 140:12 anchors petition in certainty: “I know that the LORD will maintain justice for the poor and uphold the rights of the needy.” Worship expects the Judge to act.

Prophetic Rebuke and Restoration

Isaiah 10:2 condemns rulers “who deprive the needy of justice.” Jeremiah laments leaders who “do not plead the cause of the fatherless” (Jeremiah 5:28) yet praises Josiah, who “defended the cause of the poor and needy” (Jeremiah 22:16). When no earthly advocate remains—“There is no one to plead your cause” (Jeremiah 30:13)—the Lord Himself steps in, heralding messianic hope.

Historical Glimpse (Esther 1:13)

Persian advisers were “wise men who understood the times… versed in law and judgment.” Even pagan courts modeled the necessity of discernment, highlighting by contrast the perfection of divine דִּין.

Systematic Significance

God’s judgments are:
• True—never arbitrary or erroneous.
• Impartial—“He shows no favoritism.”
• Redemptive—justice and mercy meet at the cross, where the penalty for sin is paid without compromising righteousness.

Christological Fulfillment

All longing for perfect דִּין converges in Jesus Christ. He is the promised King whose throne is “established with justice and righteousness” (Isaiah 9:7). At Calvary, God “demonstrates His righteousness” while justifying the sinner. The resurrection seals the verdict; final judgment will manifest the same unblemished standard.

Practical Ministry Applications

1. Church elders must decide disputes without partiality, mirroring God’s courtroom.
2. Believers advocate for the unborn, the widow, and the stranger, embodying Proverbs 31:8—“Open your mouth for those with no voice.”
3. Preaching must proclaim both the certainty of judgment and the assurance of justification by faith.
4. Counseling directs the repentant to the settled verdict: “There is now no condemnation for those in Christ Jesus.”

Summary

דִּין threads through legislation, royal duty, psalmic praise, prophetic indictment, and messianic fulfillment, revealing a God who cannot ignore injustice and a people called to reflect His righteous verdicts until the day He judges the world in equity.

Forms and Transliterations
דִ֑ין דִּ֑ין דִּ֖ין דִּ֝֗ין דִּ֣ין דִּ֥ין דִּין־ דִּינֵ֖ךְ דין דין־ דינך וְדִין־ וְדִינִ֑י וָדִֽין׃ ודין־ ודין׃ ודיני לְדִ֗ין לדין מִדִּין֙ מדין שַׁדּֽוּן׃ שדון׃ dî·nêḵ din dîn ḏîn dîn- diNech dînêḵ lə·ḏîn leDin ləḏîn mid·dîn midDin middîn šad·dūn šaddūn shadDun vaDin vedin vediNi wā·ḏîn wāḏîn wə·ḏî·nî wə·ḏîn- wəḏîn- wəḏînî
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Interlinear GreekInterlinear HebrewStrong's NumbersEnglishman's Greek ConcordanceEnglishman's Hebrew ConcordanceParallel Texts
Englishman's Concordance
Deuteronomy 17:8
HEB: לְדָ֜ם בֵּֽין־ דִּ֣ין לְדִ֗ין וּבֵ֥ין
NAS: between one kind of lawsuit or another,
KJV: and blood, between plea and plea,
INT: another between of lawsuit another and between

Deuteronomy 17:8
HEB: בֵּֽין־ דִּ֣ין לְדִ֗ין וּבֵ֥ין נֶ֙גַע֙
NAS: one kind of lawsuit or another, and between
KJV: between plea and plea, and between stroke
INT: between of lawsuit another and between of assault

Esther 1:13
HEB: יֹדְעֵ֖י דָּ֥ת וָדִֽין׃
NAS: who knew law and justice
KJV: all that knew law and judgment:
INT: knew law and justice

Job 19:29
HEB: [שַׁדִּין כ] (שַׁדּֽוּן׃ ק) ס
NAS: that you may know there is judgment.
KJV: that ye may know [there is] a judgment.
INT: So you may know cause

Job 35:14
HEB: לֹ֣א תְשׁוּרֶ֑נּוּ דִּ֥ין לְ֝פָנָ֗יו וּתְח֥וֹלֵֽל
NAS: you do not behold Him, The case is before
KJV: thou shalt not see him, [yet] judgment [is] before
INT: not behold the case is before wait

Job 36:17
HEB: וְדִין־ רָשָׁ֥ע מָלֵ֑אתָ
NAS: But you were full of judgment on the wicked;
KJV: But thou hast fulfilled the judgment of the wicked:
INT: of judgment the wicked were full

Job 36:17
HEB: רָשָׁ֥ע מָלֵ֑אתָ דִּ֖ין וּמִשְׁפָּ֣ט יִתְמֹֽכוּ׃
NAS: on the wicked; Judgment and justice
KJV: of the wicked: judgment and justice
INT: the wicked were full Judgment and justice take

Psalm 9:4
HEB: עָ֭שִׂיתָ מִשְׁפָּטִ֣י וְדִינִ֑י יָשַׁ֥בְתָּ לְ֝כִסֵּ֗א
NAS: my just cause; You have sat
KJV: my right and my cause; thou satest
INT: have maintained my just cause have sat the throne

Psalm 76:8
HEB: מִ֭שָּׁמַיִם הִשְׁמַ֣עְתָּ דִּ֑ין אֶ֖רֶץ יָֽרְאָ֣ה
NAS: You caused judgment to be heard
KJV: Thou didst cause judgment to be heard
INT: heaven to be heard judgment the earth feared

Psalm 140:12
HEB: יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה יְ֭הוָה דִּ֣ין עָנִ֑י מִ֝שְׁפַּ֗ט
NAS: will maintain the cause of the afflicted
KJV: will maintain the cause of the afflicted,
INT: will maintain the LORD the cause of the afflicted and justice

Proverbs 20:8
HEB: עַל־ כִּסֵּא־ דִ֑ין מְזָרֶ֖ה בְעֵינָ֣יו
NAS: on the throne of justice Disperses
KJV: the throne of judgment scattereth away
INT: on the throne of justice Disperses his eyes

Proverbs 22:10
HEB: מָד֑וֹן וְ֝יִשְׁבֹּ֗ת דִּ֣ין וְקָלֽוֹן׃
NAS: will go out, Even strife and dishonor
KJV: shall go out; yea, strife and reproach
INT: and contention will cease strife and dishonor

Proverbs 29:7
HEB: יֹדֵ֣עַ צַ֭דִּיק דִּ֣ין דַּלִּ֑ים רָ֝שָׁ֗ע
NAS: is concerned for the rights of the poor,
KJV: considereth the cause of the poor:
INT: is concerned the righteous the rights of the poor the wicked

Proverbs 31:5
HEB: מְחֻקָּ֑ק וִֽ֝ישַׁנֶּה דִּ֣ין כָּל־ בְּנֵי־
NAS: And pervert the rights of all
KJV: and pervert the judgment of any of the afflicted.
INT: is decreed and pervert the rights of all afflicted

Proverbs 31:8
HEB: לְאִלֵּ֑ם אֶל־ דִּ֝֗ין כָּל־ בְּנֵ֥י
NAS: for the mute, For the rights of all
KJV: for the dumb in the cause of all such as are appointed
INT: the mute for the rights of all are appointed

Isaiah 10:2
HEB: לְהַטּ֤וֹת מִדִּין֙ דַּלִּ֔ים וְלִגְזֹ֕ל
NAS: the needy of justice And rob
KJV: the needy from judgment, and to take away
INT: to deprive of justice the needy and rob

Jeremiah 5:28
HEB: דִבְרֵי־ רָ֔ע דִּ֣ין לֹא־ דָ֔נוּ
NAS: They do not plead the cause, The cause
KJV: they judge not the cause, the cause of the fatherless,
INT: deeds of wickedness the cause not plead

Jeremiah 5:28
HEB: לֹא־ דָ֔נוּ דִּ֥ין יָת֖וֹם וְיַצְלִ֑יחוּ
NAS: the cause, The cause of the orphan,
INT: not plead the cause of the orphan may prosper

Jeremiah 22:16
HEB: דָּ֛ן דִּין־ עָנִ֥י וְאֶבְי֖וֹן
NAS: He pled the cause of the afflicted
KJV: He judged the cause of the poor
INT: pled the cause of the afflicted and needy

Jeremiah 30:13
HEB: אֵֽין־ דָּ֥ן דִּינֵ֖ךְ לְמָז֑וֹר רְפֻא֥וֹת
NAS: to plead your cause; [No] healing
KJV: [There is] none to plead thy cause, that thou mayest be bound up:
INT: There to plead your cause for sore healing

20 Occurrences

Strong's Hebrew 1779
20 Occurrences


dîn — 13 Occ.
dî·nêḵ — 1 Occ.
lə·ḏîn — 1 Occ.
mid·dîn — 1 Occ.
šad·dūn — 1 Occ.
wā·ḏîn — 1 Occ.
wə·ḏîn- — 1 Occ.
wə·ḏî·nî — 1 Occ.

1778
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