5736. adaph
Lexical Summary
adaph: To remain over, to have excess, to abound

Original Word: עֲדַף
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: `adaph
Pronunciation: ah-daf'
Phonetic Spelling: (aw-daf')
KJV: be more, odd number, be (have) over (and above), overplus, remain
NASB: excess, left over, balance
Word Origin: [a primitive root]

1. to be (causatively, have) redundant

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance
be more, odd number, be have over and above, remain

A primitive root; to be (causatively, have) redundant -- be more, odd number, be (have) over (and above), overplus, remain.

NAS Exhaustive Concordance
Word Origin
a prim. root
Definition
to remain over, be in excess
NASB Translation
balance (1), excess (4), left over (4).

Brown-Driver-Briggs
[עָדַף] verb remain over, be in excess, synonym of סרח q. v., only P H (Late Hebrew id., Aramaic עָדִיף superior (to); Arabic be profuse, IV. let down veil, or curtain, etc.; plentifulness); —

Qal Participle סֶרַח הָעֹדֵף Exodus 26:12 the surplus (of curtains) that remains over, so feminine הָעֹדֶ֫פֶת Exodus 26:12, and הָעֹדֵף as substantive Exodus 26:13 the excess in (ב) length; הָעֹדֵף = the surplus of food Exodus 16:23, of price of field Leviticus 25:27; הָעֹדְפִים עַלֿ those over and above, Numbers 3:46,49, compare Numbers 3:48 (no עַלֿ).

Hiph`il Perfect3masculine singular הֶעְדִּיף Exodus 16:18 have a surplus (of manna; opposed to הֶחְסִיר).

Topical Lexicon
Root Idea and Range of Meaning

עֲדַף consistently denotes what is “left over,” “surplus,” or “exceeds.” Whether the word describes food, fabric, years, or people, it points to God-given excess that must be handled according to His revealed order.

Provision and Equality (Exodus 16:18, 23)

When manna first appeared, Israel’s instinct was to hoard. Yet “whoever gathered much had no excess, and whoever gathered little had no shortage” (Exodus 16:18). עֲדַף underlines a miracle of proportionality: God supplied each household precisely what it needed. The same term governs Sabbath preparation (Exodus 16:23), where what “remained” was divinely preserved. The episodes teach two complementary truths—daily dependence and Sabbath rest—both safeguarded by the Lord’s management of surplus.

Craftsmanship of the Tabernacle (Exodus 26:12-13)

In describing the goat-hair curtains, Moses twice marks “the half curtain that is left over” (עֲדַף). The remaining cubit was to “hang over the rear of the tabernacle” (26:13). Even fabric excess was assigned purpose; nothing random appeared in the dwelling place of God. Surplus served beauty, proportion, and protection, illustrating that apparent leftovers contribute to divine design.

Economic Equity in the Jubilee Code (Leviticus 25:27)

The redemption formula for sold land instructs the seller to “refund the excess” (עֲדַף) years’ worth of value when repurchasing his property. The term frames surplus not as profit to exploit but as value to restore. Jubilee legislation thus converts excess into an instrument of familial stability and covenant faithfulness.

Redemption of the Firstborn (Numbers 3:46-49)

Because Israel’s firstborn sons outnumbered Levi’s males by 273, the “excess” (עֲדַף) required ransom money. Moses collected “five shekels for each one” (Numbers 3:47) and gave it to Aaron. Surplus people, like surplus wealth, came under redemption. The passage stresses substitutionary logic that anticipates fuller atonement: the many are covered by the appointed priesthood through divinely set valuation.

Theological Themes

1. Divine Sufficiency: God measures both need and excess, securing equity among His people.
2. Stewardship of Surplus: Whether material, temporal, or relational, all overflow belongs to the Lord and must be redirected toward His purposes.
3. Redemption Motif: Extra firstborn Israelites foreshadow the need for a greater Redeemer who pays for all human surplus of guilt.
4. Sacred Order: Even the smallest residue of curtain fabric illustrates intentional design within worship.

Ministry Reflections

• Congregational Provision—Church benevolence funds should mirror manna economics, balancing abundance and lack so that “he who gathered much had no excess.”
• Facilities and Resources—Leftover or under-used assets, like the tabernacle’s half curtain, can extend ministry reach rather than sit idle.
• Financial Counseling—Leviticus 25 underscores fair recalculation when circumstances change, encouraging transparent, restorative practices.
• Gospel Presentation—Numbers 3 prepares hearts to see Christ as the ultimate payment for humanity’s “excess” beyond the priesthood’s capacity.

Practical Application for Believers

Personal budgets, church planning, and mission initiatives should all ask: “What has God allowed to ‘remain’ with me, and how can that surplus advance His kingdom?” By treating every עֲדַף as entrusted overflow, Christians live out the rhythm of reliance, rest, and redemptive generosity woven through the Torah’s nine strategic uses of the term.

Forms and Transliterations
בָּעֹדֵ֔ף בעדף הֶעְדִּיף֙ הָ֣עֹדֵ֔ף הָעֹ֣דְפִ֔ים הָעֹֽדְפִים֙ הָעֹדְפִ֖ים הָעֹדֵ֔ף הָעֹדֶ֔פֶת העדיף העדף העדפים העדפת bā‘ōḏêp̄ bā·‘ō·ḏêp̄ baoDef hā‘ōḏêp̄ hā‘ōḏep̄eṯ hā‘ōḏəp̄îm hā·‘ō·ḏe·p̄eṯ hā·‘ō·ḏə·p̄îm hā·‘ō·ḏêp̄ haoDef haoDefet haodeFim he‘·dîp̄ he‘dîp̄ heDif
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Englishman's Concordance
Exodus 16:18
HEB: בָעֹ֔מֶר וְלֹ֤א הֶעְדִּיף֙ הַמַּרְבֶּ֔ה וְהַמַּמְעִ֖יט
NAS: had no excess, and he who had gathered little
KJV: he that gathered much had nothing over, and he that gathered little
INT: an omer had no excess had had

Exodus 16:23
HEB: וְאֵת֙ כָּל־ הָ֣עֹדֵ֔ף הַנִּ֧יחוּ לָכֶ֛ם
NAS: and all that is left over put aside
KJV: and that which remaineth over lay up
INT: will boil and all is left up to be kept

Exodus 26:12
HEB: וְסֶ֙רַח֙ הָעֹדֵ֔ף בִּירִיעֹ֖ת הָאֹ֑הֶל
NAS: The overlapping part that is left over
KJV: And the remnant that remaineth of the curtains
INT: the overlapping is left the curtains of the tent

Exodus 26:12
HEB: חֲצִ֤י הַיְרִיעָה֙ הָעֹדֶ֔פֶת תִּסְרַ֕ח עַ֖ל
NAS: that is left over in the curtains
KJV: curtain that remaineth, shall hang
INT: the half curtain over shall lap over

Exodus 26:13
HEB: וְהָאַמָּ֤ה מִזֶּה֙ בָּעֹדֵ֔ף בְּאֹ֖רֶךְ יְרִיעֹ֣ת
NAS: on the other, of what is left over in the length
KJV: and a cubit on the other side of that which remaineth in the length
INT: and the cubit side is left the length of the curtains

Leviticus 25:27
HEB: וְהֵשִׁיב֙ אֶת־ הָ֣עֹדֵ֔ף לָאִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר
NAS: and refund the balance to the man
KJV: thereof, and restore the overplus unto the man
INT: sale and refund the balance to the man to whom

Numbers 3:46
HEB: וְהַשִּׁבְעִ֖ים וְהַמָּאתָ֑יִם הָעֹֽדְפִים֙ עַל־ הַלְוִיִּ֔ם
NAS: of Israel who are in excess beyond
KJV: of Israel, which are more than
INT: seventy hundred excess beyond the Levites

Numbers 3:48
HEB: וּלְבָנָ֑יו פְּדוּיֵ֕י הָעֹדְפִ֖ים בָּהֶֽם׃
NAS: the ransom of those who are in excess among them, to Aaron
KJV: the money, wherewith the odd number of them is to be redeemed,
INT: his sons the ransom excess

Numbers 3:49
HEB: הַפִּדְי֑וֹם מֵאֵת֙ הָעֹ֣דְפִ֔ים עַ֖ל פְּדוּיֵ֥י
NAS: money from those who were in excess, beyond
KJV: money of them that were over and above them that were redeemed
INT: money the redemption excess beyond the ransom

9 Occurrences

Strong's Hebrew 5736
9 Occurrences


bā·‘ō·ḏêp̄ — 1 Occ.
hā·‘ō·ḏêp̄ — 3 Occ.
hā·‘ō·ḏe·p̄eṯ — 1 Occ.
hā·‘ō·ḏə·p̄îm — 3 Occ.
he‘·dîp̄ — 1 Occ.

5735
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