Lexical Summary sa'ar: To storm, to shiver, to be tempestuous Original Word: שַׂעַר Strong's Exhaustive Concordance affrighted, horribly, sore, storm From sa'ar; a tempest; also a terror -- affrighted, X horribly, X sore, storm. See se'ar. see HEBREW sa'ar see HEBREW se'ar Brown-Driver-Briggs I. שַׂ֫עַר noun [masculine] horror (properly bristling); — ׳שׂ absolute, as accusative of congnate meaning with verb Ezekiel 27:35; Ezekiel 32:10 see foregoing; compare ׳אָֽחֲזוּ שׂ Job 18:20 ("" נָשַׁמּוּ עַל). Topical Lexicon Linguistic Range and Imagery שַׂעַר evokes the violence of a driving storm and the visceral dread that such a tempest provokes. Whether rendered “tempest,” “horror,” or “shuddering,” the word consistently communicates the sudden, overwhelming impact of divine intervention. It embodies both the physical force of nature and the internal reaction of those who witness God’s judgments. Key Scriptural Occurrences 1. Job 18:20 – Bildad foresees a fate so catastrophic that “those in the west are appalled at his fate, and those in the east tremble in horror.” The wicked man’s downfall becomes a moral warning broadcast across the entire horizon. Themes of Divine Judgment • Universality – The word pulls distant onlookers into the scene. God’s acts are never isolated; they instruct the nations (Isaiah 26:9). Historical Backdrop Isaiah spoke when Samaria’s northern kingdom faced rising Assyrian power; Ezekiel prophesied during Judah’s exile, addressing neighbors whose fortunes rose and fell with empires. Tyre’s commercial empire and Egypt’s ancient prestige seemed untouchable, yet both fell under divine indictment. Shuddering kings illustrate ancient Near-Eastern politics: alliances, navies, and chariots fail when the “storm” of the Lord breaks forth. Pastoral and Ministry Applications • Awakening Conscience – Proclaiming passages that contain שַׂעַר pierces complacency. Congregations gain a vivid picture of Hebrews 10:31: “It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God.” Biblical-Theological Trajectory The Old Testament tempest anticipates final eschatological shaking. Revelation 6:15-17 echoes Ezekiel: kings and captains “hide in the caves” when the wrath of the Lamb erupts. Yet the same eschaton promises shelter: “For you have been a refuge from the storm” (Isaiah 25:4). In Christ, the believer is transferred from horror to hope. The very word that once signified fearful dread is transformed, for “there is now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus” (Romans 8:1). Summary שַׂעַר concentrates the Bible’s twin realities of judgment and awe. It warns every generation that God’s holiness is not to be trifled with, yet it also magnifies grace by contrast: the One who sends the storm also offers Himself as the sure anchor for all who repent and believe. Forms and Transliterations שַׂ֔עַר שַׂ֣עַר שָֽׂעַר׃ שער שער׃ śa‘ar śā‘ar śa·‘ar śā·‘ar SaarLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Job 18:20 HEB: וְ֝קַדְמֹנִ֗ים אָ֣חֲזוּ שָֽׂעַר׃ NAS: are seized with horror. INT: the east are seized horror Isaiah 28:2 Ezekiel 27:35 Ezekiel 32:10 4 Occurrences |