Original Word: תִּירוֹשׁ
Part of Speech: Noun Masculine
Transliteration: tiyrowsh
Pronunciation: tee-rosh'
Phonetic Spelling: (tee-roshe')
KJV: (new, sweet) wine
NASB: new wine, wine, fresh wine, grapes
Word Origin: [from H3423 (יָרַשׁ יָרֵשׁ - possess) in the sense of expulsion]

1. must or fresh grape-juice (as just squeezed out)
2. (by implication) (rarely) fermented wine

new, sweet wine

Or tiyrosh {tee-roshe'}; from yarash in the sense of expulsion; must or fresh grape-juice (as just squeezed out); by implication (rarely) fermented wine -- (new, sweet) wine.

see HEBREW yarash

Word Origin
from yarash
Definition
must, fresh or new wine
NASB Translation
fresh wine (1), grapes (1), new wine (33), wine (3).

תִּירוֺשׁ noun masculine^{Judges 9:13} must, fresh or new wine; **on meaning, see ARSK^{Ency. Bib. WINE (iv. 5307 f.)}. — absolute תִּירוֺשׁ Numbers 18:12 24t.; תִּירשׁ Genesis 27:28 3t.; suffix תִּירוֺשִׁי Judges 9:13; Hosea 2:11; תִּירשְׁךָ Deuteronomy 7:13 4t. Deuteronomy; תִּירוֺשֵׁךְ Isaiah 62:8; תִּירוֺשָׁם Psalm 4:8; — must, new wine, as enlivening הַמְּשַׂמֵּחַ אֱלֹהִים וַאֲנָשִׁים ׳ת Judges 9:13; as injurious יִקַּחלֵֿב ׳זְנוּת וְיַיִן וְת Hosea 4:11; in poetry regarded as contained in the grapes יִמָּצֵא בָּאֶשְׁכּוֺל ׳הַתּ Isaiah 65:8, compare Isaiah 24:7 ("" גֶּפֶן); as yielding wine (יַיִן), וְלֹא תִּשְׁתֶּה יָ֑יִן ׳תִּדְרֹךְ זַיִת וְלֹא תָסוּךְ שֶׁמֶן וְת Micah 6:15; usually as a sign of fertility, or as valuable product: יְקָבֶיךָ יִפְדֹ֑צוּ ׳וְת Proverbs 3:10 with must thy vats shall burst open; + דָּגָן (q. v.) Genesis 27:28,37 (both J) Hosea 2:11; Hosea 7:14; Zechariah 9:17; Psalm 4:8; Isaiah 62:8; ׳ת Hosea 9:2 ("" גֹּרֶן, יֶקֶב compare דָּגָן Hosea 9:1); ׳וְת ׳אֶרֶץ ד Deuteronomy 33:28; + יִצְהָר Joel 2:24; Nehemiah 10:38 (+ מְּרִי כָלעֵֿץ); + דָּגָן and יִצְהָר Hosea 2:10; Hosea 3:24; Deuteronomy 7:13; Deuteronomy 11:14; Deuteronomy 12:17; Deuteronomy 14:23; Deuteronomy 18:4; Deuteronomy 28:51; Jeremiah 31:12; Haggai 1:11; Joel 1:10; Joel 2:19; 2Chronicles 32:28; Nehemiah 5:11; Nehemiah 10:40; Nehemiah 13:5,12; ׳חֵלֶב ת Numbers 18:12 (see ׳ח; + id.); ׳ת2Chronicles 31:5 + דגן, יצהר, and דְּבַשׁ; אֶרֶץ לֶחֶם וּכְרָמִים ׳אֶרֶץ דָּגָן וְת Isaiah 36:17 = 2 Kings 18:32 ( + ארץ זית יצהר ודבשׁ).

Definition and Scope

Tirosh denotes freshly pressed grape juice that is in the early stage of fermentation, often translated “new wine.” Unlike yayin, which is a general term for fermented wine, tirosh is tied to the agricultural cycle, appearing almost exclusively in contexts of harvest, covenant blessing, liturgical offering, or prophetic symbolism. Approximately thirty-eight occurrences span the Pentateuch, Historical Books, Wisdom Literature, and Prophets.

Agricultural Blessing and Covenant Faithfulness

Tirosh is a covenant barometer. Obedience brings abundance: “I will give the rain for your land in its season, the early rain and the late rain, that you may gather in your grain, new wine, and oil” (Deuteronomy 11:14). Conversely, disobedience dries up the presses (Hosea 9:2; Joel 1:10). Repeatedly paired with grain and oil, tirosh embodies the fullness of the land’s fruitfulness promised to Israel (Numbers 18:12; Deuteronomy 7:13; 2 Chronicles 31:5).

Sacrificial and Liturgical Use

Though the libation term nesekh more often accompanies yayin, the firstfruits category includes tirosh. Numbers 18:12 assigns “the firstfruits of their grain and new wine and oil” to the priests, underlining its sanctified status. Nehemiah restored this provision (Nehemiah 10:39), illustrating that true worship requires offering the freshest produce of the vineyard to the Lord.

Symbol of Joy and Eschatological Restoration

Tirosh becomes prophetic shorthand for messianic plenty. Joel envisions a day when “the mountains will drip with new wine” (Joel 3:18), echoing Amos 9:13. This lavish imagery anticipates the age of deliverance and points forward to the New Covenant celebration of abundant life in Christ (John 2:1-11; though Greek oinos, the thematic continuity is clear).

Wisdom and Ethical Instruction

Proverbs links tirosh to moral orientation: “Honor the LORD with your wealth… then your vats will overflow with new wine” (Proverbs 3:9-10). The blessing accompanies righteousness; the lack thereof marks folly (Isaiah 24:7). Thus tirosh serves as both incentive and warning in wisdom literature.

Warnings against Drunkenness

While primarily positive, tirosh can be abused. Isaiah rebukes priests who “reel with wine, stagger with beer; priests and prophets stagger with strong drink” (Isaiah 28:7). The inclusion of tirosh in the triad underscores that even God-given gifts can be corrupted when separated from reverence.

National Economics and Governance

Kings taxed or stored tirosh as a staple of royal income (2 Chronicles 32:28; Hosea 2:8). Its presence in the treasury signified stability; its loss predicted invasion (Hosea 2:9). The prophets often frame foreign oppression in agricultural terms, portraying enemy armies as locusts consuming the new wine (Joel 1:5).

Typological and Christological Trajectory

The promised overflow of tirosh in the last days finds anticipation in the miracle at Cana, where Jesus turns water into wine, revealing Himself as the true vine who supplies superior joy. Pentecost imagery—perceived drunkenness from “new wine” (Acts 2:13)—ironically showcases the Spirit’s outpouring, fulfilling Joel’s promise of abundance not merely in agriculture but in divine presence.

Geographical and Historical Notes

Regions like Ephraim and Judah, whose hillsides favored viticulture, are often foregrounded in tirosh texts (Hosea 7:14; Jeremiah 31:12). Archaeological evidence of rock-hewn winepresses from Iron Age sites aligns with the biblical portrayal of grape processing immediately after harvest, reinforcing the freshness implied by tirosh.

Summary of Key References

Pentateuch: Genesis 27:28; Numbers 18:12; Deuteronomy 11:14; 33:28

Historical Books: Judges 9:13; 2 Kings 18:32; 2 Chronicles 31:5

Wisdom: Proverbs 3:10

Major Prophets: Isaiah 24:7; 65:8; Jeremiah 31:12; Joel 1:10; 3:18

Minor Prophets: Hosea 2:8; 9:2; Amos 9:13; Micah 6:15; Zechariah 9:17

Theological Reflection

Tirosh embodies God’s tangible favor: life, joy, and covenant harmony. Its seasonal rhythm invites gratitude, its liturgical use demands consecration, and its prophetic flood prefigures the Spirit’s lavish gift in Christ. To honor the Creator, the believer receives His new wine with thanksgiving, vigilance, and a readiness to pour it back in worship and service.

הַתִּיר֣וֹשׁ הַתִּירוֹשׁ֙ התירוש וְ֝תִיר֗וֹשׁ וְהַתִּיר֣וֹשׁ וְהַתִּיר֥וֹשׁ וְתִֽירֹשְׁךָ֖ וְתִֽירֹשְׁךָ֣ וְתִֽירוֹשָׁ֣ם וְתִיר֑וֹשׁ וְתִיר֔וֹשׁ וְתִיר֖וֹשׁ וְתִיר֛וֹשׁ וְתִיר֜וֹשׁ וְתִיר֣וֹשׁ וְתִירֹ֖שׁ וְתִירֹֽשׁ׃ וְתִירוֹשִׁ֖י והתירוש ותירוש ותירושי ותירושם ותירש ותירש׃ ותירשך תִּ֣ירוֹשִׁ֔י תִּֽירֹשְׁךָ֣ תִּֽירוֹשֵׁ֔ךְ תִּיר֖וֹשׁ תִּיר֣וֹשׁ תִּיר֤וֹשׁ תִּיר֥וֹשׁ תִּירֹ֣שׁ תירוש תירושי תירושך תירש תירשך hat·tî·rō·wōš hattiRoosh hattiroVosh hattîrōwōš tî·rō·šə·ḵā tî·rō·wō·šêḵ tî·rō·wō·šî tî·rō·wōš tî·rōš tiRoosh tîrōš tîrōšəḵā tiRosh tiroShech tirosheCha tiroShi tîrōwōš tîrōwōšêḵ tîrōwōšî vehattiRoosh vetiRoosh vetiRosh vetiroSham vetirosheCha vetiroShi wə·hat·tî·rō·wōš wə·ṯî·rō·šə·ḵā wə·ṯî·rō·wō·šām wə·ṯî·rō·wō·šî wə·ṯî·rō·wōš wə·ṯî·rōš wəhattîrōwōš wəṯîrōš wəṯîrōšəḵā wəṯîrōwōš wəṯîrōwōšām wəṯîrōwōšîInterlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel Texts