b. to pelt one with stones, in order either to wound or to kill him: Acts 14:19; passive, Acts 5:26 (cf. Winers Grammar, 505 (471); Buttmann, 242 (208)); 2 Corinthians 11:25. (Aristotle, Polybius, Strabo; λιθάζειν ἐν λίθοις, 2 Samuel 16:6.) (Compare: καταλιθάζω.)

Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: • H5619 סָקַל (saqal): To stone, to pelt with stones.
• H68 אֶבֶן (eben): Stone, used in contexts of stoning or as a building material.

These Hebrew terms provide the Old Testament background for the practice of stoning, which is carried into the New Testament context through the Greek λιθάζω. The continuity of this practice across the Testaments highlights its significance within the cultural and religious framework of the biblical narrative.

Usage: The verb λιθάζω is used in the New Testament to describe the act of stoning, a form of capital punishment or mob violence where individuals are pelted with stones until dead or severely injured. This term appears in contexts where individuals are threatened with or subjected to stoning, often as a result of perceived blasphemy or violation of religious laws.

Context: The practice of stoning, as denoted by the Greek verb λιθάζω, is a significant form of capital punishment in biblical times, particularly within Jewish law. It is often associated with the execution of those accused of blasphemy, idolatry, or other serious transgressions against religious or communal norms. In the New Testament, λιθάζω is used to describe the attempted stoning of Jesus (John 10:31-33) and the stoning of Stephen, the first Christian martyr (Acts 7:58-59). These instances highlight the tension between the early Christian community and the prevailing Jewish authorities, as well as the severe consequences faced by those who were perceived to challenge established religious beliefs.

In John 10:31-33 (BSB), the Jews pick up stones to stone Jesus, accusing Him of blasphemy for claiming to be one with the Father. This reflects the gravity of the charge and the immediate, violent response it provoked. Similarly, in Acts 7:58-59 (BSB), Stephen is stoned after delivering a speech that accuses the Jewish leaders of resisting the Holy Spirit and betraying the righteous one, Jesus. His stoning marks a pivotal moment in the early church, symbolizing the persecution faced by early Christians.

The act of stoning, as depicted in these passages, serves as a stark reminder of the societal and religious conflicts of the time. It underscores the cost of discipleship and the courage required to stand firm in one's faith amidst opposition.