Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: There is no direct Hebrew equivalent for χλιαρός in the Old Testament, as the concept of lukewarmness in a spiritual sense is more explicitly addressed in the New Testament. However, the idea of spiritual fervor versus complacency can be related to various Hebrew terms that describe zeal, fervor, or indifference, such as קָנָא (qanah, Strong's 7065) for zeal or חָרָה (charah, Strong's 2734) for burning anger or fervor.

Usage: The term χλιαρός is used in the New Testament to describe a state of being that is neither fervent nor cold, often implying a lack of zeal or commitment. It appears in the context of spiritual fervor and is used metaphorically to describe a complacent or indifferent attitude.

Context: The Greek word χλιαρός is found in the New Testament in the book of Revelation, specifically in Revelation 3:16. In this passage, the term is used in the message to the church in Laodicea, where the risen Christ addresses the spiritual condition of the church. The Laodicean church is criticized for being "lukewarm," neither hot nor cold, which is a metaphor for their spiritual indifference and lack of zeal.

Revelation 3:16 (BSB) states: "So because you are lukewarm—neither hot nor cold—I am about to vomit you out of My mouth." This vivid imagery underscores the seriousness of spiritual complacency and the need for earnestness in faith. The lukewarm state is contrasted with being either hot, which signifies fervent and passionate faith, or cold, which could imply a clear stance of opposition or unbelief. The admonition to the Laodiceans serves as a warning to all believers about the dangers of spiritual apathy and the importance of wholehearted devotion to God.

The cultural and historical context of Laodicea, known for its wealth and self-sufficiency, further illuminates the metaphor. The city's water supply was neither hot like the therapeutic springs of nearby Hierapolis nor cold like the refreshing waters of Colossae, making the lukewarm water an apt symbol for the church's spiritual state.