Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: While there is no direct Hebrew equivalent for ἐμπορία, related concepts can be found in the Old Testament, such as in the activities of merchants and traders. The Hebrew word סֹחֵר (socher), meaning "merchant" or "trader," can be seen as a conceptual parallel, reflecting similar economic activities in the ancient Near Eastern context.

Usage: The word ἐμπορία is used in the New Testament to describe the practice of trading or engaging in commerce. It is often associated with the economic activities of merchants and the marketplace.

Context: The term ἐμπορία appears in the New Testament in contexts that highlight the commercial activities prevalent during the time. In the ancient world, trade was a vital part of daily life, with merchants traveling extensively to buy and sell goods. The New Testament reflects this reality, using ἐμπορία to illustrate both literal and metaphorical concepts.

In James 4:13, the term is used to caution against presumptuous planning without considering God's will: "Come now, you who say, 'Today or tomorrow we will go to this or that city, spend a year there, carry on business, and make a profit.'" Here, ἐμπορία underscores the uncertainty of human plans and the need for reliance on divine guidance.

The concept of ἐμπορία also serves as a metaphor for spiritual truths. The pursuit of material wealth and the activities of trade can be contrasted with the pursuit of spiritual riches and the kingdom of God. This duality is evident in the teachings of Jesus, who often used economic imagery to convey deeper spiritual lessons.

The use of ἐμπορία in the New Testament reflects the broader cultural and economic context of the Greco-Roman world, where trade routes and marketplaces were central to societal interaction and economic prosperity. The term invites readers to consider the balance between earthly pursuits and spiritual priorities.