Original Word: ταράσσω
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: tarassó
Pronunciation: tah-RAS-so
Phonetic Spelling: (tar-as'-so)
Definition: To disturb, to trouble, to agitate
Meaning: I disturb, agitate, stir up, trouble.

trouble.

Of uncertain affinity; to stir or agitate (roil water) -- trouble.

5015 tarássō – properly, put in motion (to agitate back-and-forth, shake to-and-fro); (figuratively) to set in motion what needs to remain still (at ease); to "trouble" ("agitate"), causing inner perplexity (emotional agitation) from getting too stirred up inside ("upset").

[5015 (tarássō) translates 46 Hebrew words in the LXX (Abbott-Smith), showing the enormous connotation power of OT Hebrew vocabulary.]

Word Origin
from a prim. root tarach-
Definition
to stir up, to trouble
NASB Translation
disturbed (1), disturbing (2), stirred (3), stirring (1), terrified (2), troubled (9).

STRONGS NT 5015: ταράσσω

ταράσσω; imperfect ἐτάρασσόν; 1 aorist ἐταραξα; passive, present imperative 3 person singular ταρασσέσθω; imperfect ἐταρασσομην; perfect τεταραγμαι; 1 aorist ἐταράχθην; from Homer down; to agitate, trouble (a thing, by the movement of its parts to and fro);

a. properly: τό ὕδωρ, John 5:4 (R L),7 (Ezekiel 32:2; τόν Πόντον, Homer, Odyssey 5, 291; τό πέλαγος, Euripides, Tro. 88; τόν ποταμόν, Aesop fab. 87 (25)).

b. tropically, "to cause one inward commotion, take away his calmness of mind, disturb his equanimity; to disquiet, make restless" (the Sept. for בִּהֵל, etc.; passive, ταράσσομαι for רָגַז, to be stirred up, irritated); α. to stir up: τόν ὄχλον, Acts 17:8; (τούς ὄχλους, Acts 17:13 L T Tr WH). β. to trouble: τινα, to strike one's spirit with fear or dread, passive, Matthew 2:3; Matthew 14:26; Mark 6:50; Luke 1:12; (Luke 24:38); 1 Peter 3:14; παράσσεται ἡ καρδία, John 14:1, 27; to affect with great pain or sorrow: ἑαυτόν (cf. our to trouble oneself), John 11:33 (A. V. was troubled (some understand the word here of bodily agitation)) (σεαυτόν μή ταρασσε, Antoninus 4, 26); τετάρακται ἡ ψυχή, John 12:27 (Psalm 6:4); ἐταράχθη τῷ πνεύματι, John 13:21. γ. to render anxious or distressed, to perplex the mind of one by suggesting scruples or doubts (Xenophon, mem. 2, 6, 17): Galatians 1:7; Galatians 5:10; τιναλόγοις, Acts 15:24. (Compare: διαπαράσσω, ἐκπαράσσω.)

Word Origin: A primary verb

Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: • H926 בָּהַל (bahal): To be terrified, to hasten, to be dismayed
• H4103 מְהוּמָה (mehumah): Confusion, tumult, disquietude

These Hebrew terms share a similar semantic range with ταράσσω, encompassing ideas of fear, confusion, and agitation, often in response to divine or significant events.

Usage: The verb ταράσσω is used in the New Testament to describe a state of emotional or mental disturbance, agitation, or turmoil. It often conveys the idea of being troubled or unsettled, whether in spirit, mind, or circumstances.

Context: The Greek verb ταράσσω appears in several contexts within the New Testament, illustrating a range of emotional and situational disturbances. It is often used to describe the inner turmoil experienced by individuals in response to external events or divine revelations.

• Emotional Disturbance: In John 14:1, Jesus comforts His disciples, saying, "Do not let your hearts be troubled. You believe in God; believe also in Me." Here, ταράσσω is used to describe the inner anxiety and fear that the disciples might feel in anticipation of Jesus' departure.

• Spiritual Agitation: In John 11:33, when Jesus sees Mary weeping over the death of Lazarus, He is "deeply moved in spirit and troubled." The use of ταράσσω here highlights Jesus' empathetic response to human suffering and the emotional weight of the moment.

• Physical and Situational Turmoil: In Acts 17:8, the city officials are described as being "troubled" when they hear the accusations against Paul and Silas, indicating a state of civic unrest and concern over potential upheaval.

• Divine Revelation: In Matthew 2:3, King Herod is "troubled" upon hearing of the birth of Jesus, reflecting his fear and anxiety over the potential threat to his rule.

The verb ταράσσω thus captures a spectrum of disturbances, from personal emotional struggles to broader societal unrest, often in response to the presence or actions of Jesus and His followers.

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